Namuhla, imboni yezokuxhumana ithuthuka ngokushesha.Kusukela kumafoni e-BB ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kuya kuma-smart phone namuhla, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezokuxhumana yaseShayina sekuthuthukile kusukela ebhizinisini lokushaya elilula kanye nemiyalezo emifushane ekuqaleni kuya ezinsizeni ezihlukene ezifana nokusefa kwi-inthanethi, ukuthenga, ukungcebeleka nokuzijabulisa.
I. Isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezokuxhumana
Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwama-98% wezindawo zokuphatha zaseShayina zikwazi ukuthola i-optical fibre kanye ne-4G, egcwalisa uHlelo lukazwelonke lweminyaka eyi-13 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimisiwe.Idatha yokuqapha ibonise ukuthi isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokudawuniloda ezindaweni zokuphatha eziyi-130,000 seqe ama-70Mbit/s, ngokuyisisekelo sifinyelela isivinini esifanayo ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni.Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba 2019, i-China yayinabasebenzisi be-inthanethi abangaguquki abangu-580,000 abanamazinga okufinyelela angaphezu kuka-1,000 Mbit/s.Isibalo samachweba okufinyelela ku-inthanethi nge-broadband sifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-913, okuwukukhula konyaka nonyaka ngamaphesenti angama-6.4 kanye nengqikithi yenyuka ngezigidi ezingama-45.76 ekupheleni konyaka odlule.Phakathi kwazo, amachweba okufinyelela ku-fiber optical (FTTH/O) afinyelele ezigidini ezingama-826, okuwukukhula okuphelele kwezigidi ezingama-54.85 ekupheleni konyaka odlule, okubalelwa ku-90.5% yenani eliphelele lisuka kuma-88% ekupheleni konyaka odlule, okuholele ekutheni umhlaba
Ii.Amathemba okuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezokuxhumana
I-China isungule uchungechunge lwemboni yezokuxhumana nge-optical enesakhiwo esiphelele kanye nesistimu ephelele, futhi izinga layo lezimboni liyaqhubeka nokukhula.Imishini yokudlulisa amehlo, okokusebenza kwe-optical access kanye ne-optical fiber kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhebula ngokuyisisekelo kufeze ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya, futhi kunokuncintisana okuthile emhlabeni.Ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wemishini yesistimu, iHuawei, iZTE, iFiberhome nezinye izinkampani seziphenduke amabhizinisi ahamba phambili emakethe yemishini yokuxhumana ebonakalayo yomhlaba.
Ukufika kwenethiwekhi ye-5G kuzosabalalisa ebangeni elibanzi lezinkambu zomphakathi nezohwebo.Lokhu akulona nje ithuba kuphela kodwa kuyinselelo embonini yezokuxhumana.
(1) Ukusekelwa okuqinile kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke
Imboni yokukhiqiza imishini yezokuxhumana inezici zenani eliphezulu elingeziwe kanye nokuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, futhi njalo ithola ukwesekwa okukhulu okuvela kunqubomgomo yethu yezimboni.UHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-12 Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Kazwelonke Nenhlalakahle, Umhlahlandlela Wezindawo Ezibalulekile Zokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu EnokuThuthukiswa Okuphambili Kwamanje, Uhlu Lweziqondiso Zokulungiswa Kwesakhiwo Sezimboni (2011), UHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lweminyaka Eyi-11 Lokuthuthukiswa Komnotho. Imboni Yezolwazi kanye Nohlaka LoHlelo Lwesikhathi Eside Esimaphakathi Nowezi-2020, Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-12 Lokuthuthukiswa Kweminyaka Emihlanu Lwemboni Yezokuxhumana, kanye Nezimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezinokuThuthukiswa Okuphambili Kwamanje Imihlahlandlela Ezindaweni Ezibalulekile Zokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni (2007) kanye Nohlelo Lwentuthuko Ukulungiswa Nokuvuselelwa Kwemboni Yolwazi Lwe-elekthronikhi konke kubeka imibono ecacile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza imishini yezokuxhumana.
(2) Imakethe yasekhaya iyadlondlobala
Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo okuqhubekayo komnotho wezwe lethu kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwemboni yezokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini.Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda yezokuxhumana ngezinga elikhulu kuzoqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezihlobene.Kusukela ngo-2010, ukwakhiwa kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana okungenazintambo e-3G, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwe-TD-SCDMA, sekungene esigabeni sesibili.Ukwelulwa kokujula nobubanzi bokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ephathwayo ye-3G kuzoletha inani elikhulu lokutshalwa kwengqalasizinda yezokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ithuba elihle lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza imishini yezokuxhumana yaseShayina.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imvamisa yokusebenza yokuxhumana kweselula kwe-3G ikakhulukazi iphakathi kuka-1800 no-2400MHz, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwe-800-900MHz yokuxhumana kweselula kwe-2G.Ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana kweselula kwe-3G, indawo yokukhava yesiteshi saso esisekelweni ngesivinini esiphezulu sokusebenza izoncishiswa, ngakho-ke inani leziteshi eziyisisekelo lidinga ukunyuswa, kanye nomthamo wemakethe wemishini yesiteshi sesisekelo esihambelanayo. izokwanda futhi.Njengamanje, imvamisa yokusebenza yokuxhumana kweselula kwe-4G ibanzi futhi iphakeme kunaleyo ye-3G, ngakho-ke inombolo ehambelanayo yeziteshi eziyisisekelo kanye nemishini izokwandiswa ngokwengeziwe, edinga isikali esikhulu sokutshala imali.
3) Izinzuzo zokuqhathanisa zabakhiqizi baseShayina
Imikhiqizo yemboni idinga ubuchwepheshe, futhi amakhasimende aphansi nawo anezidingo eziphakeme zokulawula izindleko nesivinini sokuphendula.Imfundo yethu ephakeme iqeqesha inqwaba yonjiniyela abavelele minyaka yonke ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zemboni ocwaningweni nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe.Ubuningi bemisebenzi yethu yekhwalithi ephezulu, usekelo lwemboni ethuthukisiwe, isistimu yezokuthutha kanye nezinqubomgomo ezikhethwa yintela nakho kwenza umkhakha wethu ulawule izindleko, inzuzo yesivinini sokuphendula ibonakale.Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, izindleko zokukhiqiza, isivinini sokuphendula kanye nezinye izici zezinzuzo, okwenza imboni yethu yokukhiqiza i-antenna kanye nemishini yamaza omsakazo ibe nokuncintisana okuqinile kwamanye amazwe.
Ukufingqa, ngaphansi kwesizinda sentuthuko esheshayo ye-inthanethi yeselula kanye nokukhokha ngeselula, ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuxhumana okungenazintambo buye baba umthwali oyinhloko wokudluliselwa kolwazi emphakathini wanamuhla ngenxa yobulula bawo obuyingqayizivele.Inethiwekhi engenazintambo iletha ukunethezeka okungenamkhawulo kubantu, inethiwekhi engenazintambo isakazeka kancane kancane futhi ikhuphuke, ngakho onjiniyela bezokuxhumana okungenazintambo bazoba nomsebenzi omkhulu!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-18-2023
