I-IOT ibhekisela eqoqweni lesikhathi sangempela lanoma iyiphi into noma inqubo edinga ukugadwa, ukuxhunywa, nokusebenzisana, kanye nomsindo wayo, ukukhanya, ukushisa, ugesi, imishini, ikhemistri, ibhayoloji, indawo kanye nolunye ulwazi oludingekayo ngokusebenzisa okuhlukahlukene okungenzeka. ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi ngamadivayisi ahlukahlukene nobuchwepheshe njengezinzwa zolwazi, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza amafrikhwensi omsakazo, isistimu yokumisa umhlaba wonke, izinzwa ze-infrared, izikena ze-laser, njll. Ukubona ukuxhumana okukhona yonke indawo phakathi kwezinto nezinto, naphakathi kwezinto nabantu, nokubona umbono ohlakaniphile. , ukuqashelwa nokuphathwa kwezinto nezinqubo.I-inthanethi Yezinto ingumthwali wolwazi osuselwe ku-inthanethi, inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana evamile, njll., eyenza zonke izinto ezibonakalayo ezijwayelekile ezingaqondiswa ngokuzimela zenze inethiwekhi exhumene.
Isethulo samazinga okuxhumana emhlabeni we-inthanethi Yezinto
Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-inthanethi Yezinto bungahlukaniswa ngebanga elifushane kanye nebanga elide ngokuya ngebanga lokudluliswa kwesignali.Ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa amabanga amafushane ngokobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko buhlanganisa i-Wi-Fi, i-ZigBee, i-Z-Wave, i-Thread, i-Bluetooth™, i-Wi-SUN, njll. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumadivayisi eselula akhona njengomakhalekhukhwini, amaphilisi kanye namadivayisi agqokekayo, noma ikhaya elihlakaniphile, imboni ehlakaniphile nokukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile nezinye izinkambu.Phambilini, ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana bebanga elide ikakhulukazi bekuyi-2G, 3G, 4G nobunye ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini.Nokho, ngenxa yezidingo ezihlukene zokudlulisela ze-inthanethi Yezinto (iot), njengomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu nokubambezeleka okuphansi, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-iot zinezidingo zephakethe ledatha elincane kanye nokubekezelela ukubambezeleka okuphezulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zidinga ukumboza okubanzi noma okujulile. emhlabathini nakwezinye izindawo ezivikelwe kakhulu.Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenhla, kusungulwe ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana obunebanga elide kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, okwaziwa ngokuhlangene ngokuthi i-Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), kanti i-NB-IoT iwubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-spectrum obuyinhloko belayisense yomsebenzisi.Okulandelayo umdwebo olula wezakhiwo wesistimu ye-inthanethi Yezinto.
Ibanga Elifushane Lokuxhumana Okungenantambo Ubuchwepheshe: Imayela lokugcina lomhlaba we-inthanethi Yezinto
Uma ukukhetha kwenziwa ngokwezici zobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana okungenantambo ebangeni elide, ukuxhumana kwebanga elifushane ne-microcontroller kudlala indima ebalulekile kudivayisi yetheminali, ikakhulukazi ngezinzwa zokuqoqa idatha.
I-WIFI: I-LAN engenantambo esekelwe ku-IEEE 802.11 ejwayelekile, ingathathwa njengesandiso esingenantambo sebanga elifushane se-LAN enezintambo.Okudingayo ukuze usethe i-WIFI i-AP engenantambo noma irutha engenantambo, futhi izindleko ziphansi.
I-Zigbee:isekelwe ku-IEEE802.15.4 indinganiso yejubane eliphansi, ibanga elifushane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenawaya bezindlela ezimbili Iphrothokholi yokuxhumana ye-LAN, eyaziwa nangokuthi iphrothokholi yezinyosi ezinsomi.Izici: Vala ububanzi, ubunkimbinkimbi obuphansi, ukuzihlela (ukuzilungiselela, ukuzilungisa, nokuzilawula), ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, nezinga ledatha eliphansi.Amaphrothokholi e-ZigBee ahlukaniswe abe isendlalelo esibonakalayo (PHY), isendlalelo sokulawula ukufinyelela kwemidiya (MAC), isendlalelo sezokuthutha (TL), isendlalelo senethiwekhi (NWK), nesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza (APL) ukusuka phansi ukuya phezulu.Isendlalelo esibonakalayo kanye nesendlalelo sokulawula ukufinyelela kwemidiya kuhambisana nezinga le-IEEE 802.15.4.Isetshenziselwa kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zenzwa nokulawula.Ingasebenza ngamabhendi amafrikhwensi amathathu we-2.4GHz(edumile emhlabeni wonke), 868MHz(edumile e-Europe) kanye ne-915MHz (edumile eMelika), ngezinga lokudlulisa eliphezulu elingu-250kbit/s, 20kbit/s kanye no-40kbit/s, ngokulandelana.Ibanga elilodwa lokudluliswa kwephoyinti ebangeni lika-10-75m, iZigBee iyinkundla yenethiwekhi yokudlulisa idatha engenawaya eyakhiwe amamojula okudluliswa kwedatha angenawaya okukodwa kuya kwangu-65535, kulo lonke uhla lwenethiwekhi, imojula ngayinye yokudlulisa idatha yenethiwekhi yeZigBee ingaxhumana yodwa, kusukela ibanga elijwayelekile elingu-75m ukuze kunwetshwe okungenamkhawulo.Ama-ZigBee node asebenza kahle kakhulu, anamabhethri ahlala kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya cishe eminyakeni emibili futhi afika eminyakeni eyi-10 kumodi yokulala,
I-Z-Wave: Kuwubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo bebanga elifushane obusekelwe ku-RF, izindleko eziphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukwethembeka okuphezulu futhi kulungele inethiwekhi, eholwa yiZensys, inkampani yaseDenmark.Ibhendi yefrikhwensi yokusebenza ingu-908.42MHz(USA)~868.42MHz(Europe), futhi imodi yokushintshashintsha ye-FSK(BFSK/GFSK) iyamukelwa.Izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha ngu-9.6 kb ukuya ku-40kb/s, futhi ububanzi bokumbozwa obusebenzayo besignali bungu-30m ngaphakathi endlini futhi bungaphezu kuka-100m ngaphandle, obufanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-broadband encane.I-Z-Wave isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bomzila obuguqukayo.Inethiwekhi ngayinye ye-Z-Wave inekheli layo lenethiwekhi (HomeID).Ikheli (NodeID) lenodi ngayinye kunethiwekhi linikezwe uMlawuli.Inethiwekhi ngayinye ingabamba amanodi angu-232 (Izigqila), okuhlanganisa izindawo zokulawula.I-Zensys ihlinzeka nge-Dynamically Linked Library (DLL) ekuthuthukisweni kweWindows kanye nabathuthukisi bemisebenzi ye-API ngaphakathi kuyo yokwakhiwa kwesoftware ye-PC.Inethiwekhi engenantambo eyakhiwe ubuchwepheshe be-Z-Wave ayikwazi nje ukubona isilawuli kude semishini yasendlini ngemishini yenethiwekhi, kodwa futhi ilawula okokusebenza kunethiwekhi ye-Z-Wave ngenethiwekhi ye-inthanethi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-02-2023
